Longevity
Cellular energy, restored
The coenzyme behind cellular energy and DNA repair, which declines with age.
Ships as a freeze-dried powder. Need water to mix it? Add Reconstitution Solution.
The science
Evidence level
2/5
Early human data
Foundational biology and human infusion studies; controlled trials of injected NAD+ for health outcomes are still limited.
1135
studies in a 2026 systematic review of NAD+ supplementation
6 h2
continuous intravenous NAD+ infusion mapped in a human metabolism study
10 wk4
of the precursor NMN improved muscle insulin sensitivity in women with prediabetes
Mechanism of action
Targets & pathways
NAD+ and NADH shuttle electrons through the reactions that turn fuel into ATP in mitochondria1.
Sirtuins and PARP enzymes consume NAD+ to run DNA repair and the signalling programs tied to healthy aging1.
Cellular NAD+ concentrations change during aging, and in research models, modulating NAD+ use or production prolonged healthspan and lifespan1.
Infusion bypasses the gut. In a 6-hour human study, NAD+ was rapidly removed from plasma and metabolized, with plasma levels rising only after 2 hours2.
What the research shows
NAD+ sits at the heart of energy metabolism, DNA repair and sirtuin signalling, all processes linked to aging.
In a controlled crossover trial, the precursor NR raised NAD+ in middle-aged and older adults and was well tolerated.
Ten weeks of the precursor NMN improved muscle insulin sensitivity in women with prediabetes.
Ten weeks of oral NMN, an NAD+ precursor, increased muscle insulin sensitivity in women with prediabetes.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.
Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021
PubMed ↗ (opens in a new tab)A controlled oral-NR crossover study used 6-week periods and showed NAD-related biochemical target engagement.
Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
Nature communications · 2018
PubMed ↗ (opens in a new tab)Retrospective intravenous tolerability data described gastrointestinal symptoms, heart-rate increases and chest pressure with NAD+.
Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting.
Frontiers in aging · 2026
PubMed ↗ (opens in a new tab)Questions
No. It is a nucleotide-derived coenzyme.
NR and NMN are precursors studied as different interventions. Their absorption and metabolic handling differ from infused NAD+.
NAD participates in energy metabolism, but the cited direct-product studies do not establish a clinical energy benefit.
NAD+ participates in redox and enzyme chemistry. SS-31 targets cardiolipin-associated mitochondrial biology; neither mechanism establishes a general wellness outcome.
No. Target engagement should be distinguished from a meaningful improvement in symptoms, function or healthspan.
Longevity
Longevity
Longevity